Wahi a kahi hōʻike noiʻi a ka World Health Organization, ua hōʻea ka nui o nā maʻi myopia ma Kina i 600 miliona i ka makahiki 2018, a ʻo ka helu myopia i waena o nā ʻōpio i helu mua ʻia ma ka honua. Ua lilo ʻo Kina i ʻāina nui loa o ka honua me ka myopia. Wahi a ka ʻikepili helu kanaka 2021, ʻo ka helu myopia no ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻāina. Me ka nui o ka poʻe myopia, he mea nui loa ia e hoʻolaha ʻepekema i ka ʻike ʻoihana e pili ana i ka myopia.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka myopia
ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke kumu kikoʻī o ka myopia a hiki i kēia manawa. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i ke kumu o ka myopia.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka myopia
Wahi a ka noiʻi lapaʻau a me ka optometry, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hanana o ka myopia e nā kumu he nui e like me ka genetics a me ke kaiapuni, a pili paha i nā kumu aʻe.
1. Loaʻa i ka myopia kahi ʻano genetic. I ka hohonu ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kumu genetic o ka myopia, ʻoiai ka myopia pathological he mōʻaukala ʻohana, ua hōʻoia ʻia i kēia manawa he maʻi genetic hoʻokahi-gene ka myopia pathological, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hoʻoilina autosomal recessive. . Hoʻoilina ʻia ka myopia maʻalahi i kēia manawa mai nā kumu he nui, me nā kumu i loaʻa e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana nui.
2. Ma ke ʻano o nā kumu kaiapuni, ʻo nā kumu e like me ka heluhelu kokoke lōʻihi, ka lawa ʻole o ke kukui, ka manawa heluhelu lōʻihi loa, ka kākau lima maopopo ʻole a liʻiliʻi paha, ke kūlana noho maikaʻi ʻole, ka ʻai ʻole, ka emi ʻana o nā hana waho, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana paha i ka ulu ʻana o ka myopia. pili i ka hanana.
Nā ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka myopia
Nui nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka myopia, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ke kumu o nā ʻano refractive abnormalities, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka myopia, ka lōʻihi o ka myopia, ke kūpaʻa, a inā paha e pili ana ka hoʻoponopono ʻana hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau kumu hoʻohālikelike.
1. E like me ke kekelē o ka myopia:
Myopia haʻahaʻa:emi ma lalo o 300 kekelē (≤-3.00 D).
Myopia waena:300 kekelē a i 600 kekelē (-3.00 D~-6.00 D).
Makapō maka:ʻoi aku ma mua o 600 degere (>-6.00 D) (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he myopia pathological)
2. Wahi a ke ʻano refractive (kumu pololei):
(1) ʻO ka myopia refractive,ʻo ia hoʻi ka myopia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka mana refractive o ka maka ma muli o nā ʻāpana refractive maka ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ʻoiai ke ʻano maʻamau ka lōʻihi axial o ka maka. Hiki i kēia ʻano myopia ke manawa pōkole a mau loa paha.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka myopia refractive i ka myopia curvature a me ka myopia refractive index. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka curvature nui o ka cornea a i ʻole lens, e like me nā maʻi me keratoconus, spherical lens a i ʻole lens liʻiliʻi; ʻo ka mea hope, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka refractive index nui o ka aqueous humor a me ka lens, e like me ka cataract mua, nā maʻi me ka mumū o ke kino iris-ciliary.
(2) Myopia axial:Ua māhele hou ʻia i loko o ka myopia axial non-plastic a me ka myopia axial plastic. ʻO ke ʻano o ka myopia axial non-plastic, he maʻamau ka mana refractive o ka maka, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke axis mua a me hope o ka maka ma mua o ka pae maʻamau. ʻO kēlā me kēia piʻi ʻana o 1mm i ke axis eyeball e like me ka piʻi ʻana o 300 degere o ka myopia. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka diopter o ka axial myopia ma mua o 600 degere o ka myopia. Ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka diopter o ka myopia axial hapa i 600 degere, hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka lōʻihi axial o ka maka. Hiki i ka diopter myopia ke piʻi ma mua o 1000 degere, a i kekahi mau hihia hiki i ka 2000 degere. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano myopia he myopia kiʻekiʻe holomua a i ʻole myopia deformed.
Loaʻa i nā maka nā loli pathological like ʻole e like me ka myopia kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano myopia kahi mōʻaukala ʻohana a pili i ka genetics. Aia nō ka manaʻolana no ka kaohi a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka wā kamaliʻi, akā ʻaʻole i ka wā makua.
Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka plastic axial myopia he plastic true myopia. ʻO nā kumu, e like me ka nele o nā huaora a me nā mea trace i ka wā ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hiki ke hana i ka myopia, a me ka myopia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ophthalmia a i ʻole nā maʻi kino. Ua māhele hou ʻia i ka plastic temporary pseudomyopia, plastic intermediate myopia a me ka plastic axial myopia.
(a) Pseudomopia manawa pōkole palaki:ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka manawa e hana ai kēia ʻano myopia ma mua o ka pseudomyopia manawa pōkole plastik. Hiki i kēia ʻano myopia, e like me ka pseudomyopia manawa kūpono, ke hoʻi i ka ʻike maʻamau i loko o kahi manawa pōkole. Pono nā ʻano myopia like ʻole i nā ʻano hoʻōla like ʻole. Nā ʻano o ka pseudomyopia manawa pōkole plastik: ke hoʻoponopono ʻia nā mea, hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻike; ke kū mai nā mea hou, hoʻomau ka myopia i ka hohonu. Ma ke ʻano laulā, aia kahi pae plasticity mai 25 a 300 degere.
(b) Myopia waena palakiko:ʻAʻole hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻike maka ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kumu, a ʻaʻohe myopia maoli plastic e hoʻolōʻihi i ke axis visual.
(c) Myopia axial palakiko:Ke ulu ka pseudomyopia plastik i ke ʻano axial myopia i loko o ka myopia maoli plastik, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻike. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lawelawe hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻōla Myopia 1+1, a lohi iki ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻōla ʻana. Pono ia. He lōʻihi loa hoʻi ka manawa.
(3) Myopia hui pū ʻia:ʻO nā ʻano mua ʻelua o ka myopia e noho pū ana
3. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka holomua o ka maʻi a me nā loli pathological
(1) Myopia maʻalahi:ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka myopia ʻōpio, he ʻano maʻamau ia o ka myopia. ʻAʻole maopopo nā kumu genetic. Pili nui ia i ka ukana ʻike maka kiʻekiʻe i ka wā ʻōpio a me ka ulu ʻana. Me ka makahiki a me ka ulu kino, i kekahi mau makahiki, e paʻa mau ana. ʻO ke kekelē o ka myopia he haʻahaʻa a waena paha, holomua mālie ka myopia, a maikaʻi ka ʻike i hoʻoponopono ʻia.
(3) Myopia pathological:ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka myopia holomua, he nui nā kumu hoʻoilina. Ke hoʻomau nei ka myopia i ka hohonu, holomua wikiwiki i ka wā ʻōpio, a ke ulu mau nei ka maka o ka maka ma hope o 20 mau makahiki. Ua hemahema nui ka hana ʻike maka, i hōʻike ʻia e ka mamao haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau a me ka ʻike kokoke, a me ke kahua ʻike maka ʻē aʻe a me ka ʻike ʻokoʻa. Me nā pilikia e like me ka retinal degeneration ma ka posterior pole o ka maka, nā myopic arc spots, macular hemorrhage, a me posterior scleral staphyloma, hoʻonui a ulu ka maʻi; maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena hoʻoponopono ʻike i nā pae hope.
4. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka mea inā he mana hoʻoponopono i komo.
(1) Pseudomyopia:ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he myopia accommodative, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hana kokoke lōʻihi, ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ukana ʻike, ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaha, ka ʻūlū accommodative a i ʻole ka spasm accommodative. Hiki i ka myopia ke nalowale ma o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui i nā pupils. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻoʻiʻo nui ʻia ʻo kēia ʻano myopia ke kahua mua o ka hanana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka myopia.
(2) ʻO ka myopia maoli:Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea cycloplegic a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e emi iho ke kekelē myopia a i ʻole e emi iho ke kekelē o ka myopia ma lalo o 0.50D.
(3) Myopia i hui pū ʻia:pili i ka diopter o ka myopia i hoʻemi ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau cycloplegic a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke kūlana emmetropic.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ka myopia ʻoiaʻiʻo a wahaheʻe paha ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. Hiki i nā maka ke hoʻonui iā lākou iho mai nā mea mamao a kokoke, a hilinaʻi kēia hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana hoʻoponopono o nā maka. Ua māhele hou ʻia ka hana hoʻokipa maʻamau ʻole o nā maka i: accommodative temporary pseudomyopia a me accommodative true myopia.
ʻO ka pseudomyopia manawa kūpono, hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻike ma hope o ka mydriasis, a hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻike ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā maka no kekahi manawa. I loko o ka myopia waena kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻike maka ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana ke hiki i ka 5.0, maʻamau ke axis o ka maka, a ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka periphery o ka maka. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kekelē myopia kūpono hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike maka o 5.0.
ʻO ka myopia ʻoiaʻiʻo kūpono. Pili ia i ka hiki ʻole o ka pseudomyopia kūpono ke hoʻōla ʻia i ka manawa. Loaʻa kēia kūlana no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke axis o ka maka i mea e hoʻololi ai i kēia kaiapuni ʻike kokoke.
Ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ka lōʻihi axial o ka maka, ua hoʻomaha ʻia nā ʻiʻo ciliary o ka maka a hoʻi ka convexity o ka lens i ka maʻamau. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Myopia i kahi kaʻina hana evolutionary hou. Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kēlā me kēia lōʻihi axial o ka maka e 1mm. Hoʻonui ʻia ka Myopia e 300 degere. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka myopia ʻoiaʻiʻo accommodative. He ʻokoʻa loa kēia ʻano myopia ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ka myopia ʻoiaʻiʻo axial. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano myopia ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hiki ke hoʻōla hou i ka ʻike.
Hoʻohui i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka myopia
Pono kākou e ʻike ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole ka pseudomyopia he "myopia" lapaʻau no ka mea hiki i kēia "myopia" ke noho i loko o kekahi, i kekahi kūlana refractive, a i kēlā me kēia manawa, a e luhi nā maka. ʻO ka myopia e nalowale ana ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā pupils he pseudomyopia, a ʻo ka myopia e mau nei he myopia maoli.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka myopia axial ma muli o ke kumu o nā ʻano ʻē i loko o ka media refractive i loko o ka maka.
Inā he emmetropic ka maka, hoʻohuli wale nā mea refractive like ʻole i loko o ka maka i ka mālamalama ma luna o ka retina. No ka poʻe emmetropic, ua kūlike loa ka mana refractive holoʻokoʻa o nā mea refractive like ʻole i loko o ka maka a me ka mamao (axis maka) mai ka cornea ma ke alo o ka maka a i ka retina ma ke kua.
Inā nui loa ka mana refractive holoʻokoʻa a lōʻihi paha ka mamao, e hāʻule ka mālamalama i mua o ka retina ke nānā aku i kahi mamao, ʻo ia hoʻi ka myopia. ʻO ka myopia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mana refractive kiʻekiʻe he refractive myopia (i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano corneal, nā ʻano lens, cataracts, diabetes, etc.), a me ka axial myopia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka elongation o ka lōʻihi axial o ka eyeball ma mua o ke kūlana emmetropic (ke ʻano o ka myopia i loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe)).
Hoʻomohala ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i ka myopia i nā manawa like ʻole. Hānau ʻia kekahi me ka myopia, he myopic kekahi i ka wā ʻōpio, a lilo kekahi i myopic i ka wā makua. Wahi a ka manawa o ka myopia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka myopia hānau (hānau ʻia ka myopia), ka myopia hoʻomaka mua (ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki), ka myopia hoʻomaka hope (16 a 18 mau makahiki), a me ka myopia hoʻomaka hope (ma hope o ka wā makua).
Aia kekahi inā e loli ka diopter ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka myopia. Inā ʻaʻole e loli ka diopter no nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻoi aku, ua paʻa ia. Inā noho lōʻihi ka diopter i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki, ua holomua ia.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka myopia
Ma nā kahua o ka ophthalmology lapaʻau a me ka optometry, nui nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe o ka myopia, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻolauna ma muli o ka ʻike microscopic. Nui nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale o ka myopia, ʻaʻole i kūʻē. Hōʻike wale lākou i ka paʻakikī a me ka maopopo ʻole o ke ʻano o ka hanana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka myopia. Pono mākou e wehewehe a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano o ka myopia mai nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka pilikia myopia o kēlā me kēia o kā mākou poʻe myopic he lālā ia o ka māhele myopia like. He mea ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻepekema ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka myopia me ka nānā ʻole i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka myopia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-24-2023