He Nānā Pōkole o nā Papa Uhi o nā Aniani Maka

Ua kamaʻāina nā aniani maka i nā poʻe he nui, a he kuleana nui ko lākou i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka myopia i nā aniani maka. He ʻokoʻa nā papa uhi o nā aniani maka, e like me ka uhi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka uhi polū, ka uhi polū-poni, a me ke uhi gula hanohano. ʻO ke komo ʻana a me ka haehae ʻana o nā papa uhi kekahi o nā kumu nui no ke pani ʻana i nā aniani maka, no laila e aʻo hou kākou e pili ana i nā papa uhi o nā aniani maka.

Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka uhi ʻana o ka lens
Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā aniani resin, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā aniani aniani. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o nā aniani aniani he kiʻekiʻe ka refractive index, ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama kiʻekiʻe, a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, akā he mau hemahema nō hoʻi ko lākou e like me ka maʻalahi o ka haki ʻana, ke kaumaha, a me ka palekana ʻole.

No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hemahema o nā aniani aniani, ua hoʻomohala nā hale hana i nā mea like ʻole e pani i nā aniani aniani, akā ʻaʻohe mea kūpono. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kona mau pono a me nā hemahema, a he paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i kahi kaulike. Pili pū kēia i nā aniani resin o kēia manawa (nā mea resin).
No nā aniani resin o kēia manawa, he hana pono ka uhi ʻana. He nui nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea resin, e like me MR-7, MR-8, CR-39, PC, NK-55-C, a me nā mea resin ʻē aʻe he nui, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano like ʻole. Me ka nānā ʻole inā he aniani aniani a he aniani resin paha, ʻo ka mālamalama e hele ana ma ka ʻili o ka aniani e ʻike i nā ʻano optical like ʻole: reflection, refraction, absorption, scattering, a me ka transmission.

Ke uhi ʻana i ka lens me kahi kiʻi anti-reflective
Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka mālamalama i ka ʻili o ka lens, he 100% ka ikehu mālamalama, akā i ka wā e puka ai i waho o ka lens a komo i loko o ka maka, ʻaʻole ia he 100% ka ikehu mālamalama. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pakeneka o ka ikehu mālamalama, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano kiʻi a me ka hoʻonā.
No kahi mea aniani kikoʻī, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nalowale o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana he ala maʻamau ia e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama. ʻO ka nui o ka mālamalama i hoʻohuli ʻia, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka transmittance o ka aniani, e hopena ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi. No laila, ua lilo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i pilikia e pono ai nā aniani resin e hoʻoponopono, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili anti-reflective (AR film) i ka aniani (i ka wā mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā uhi anti-reflective ma kekahi mau aniani optical).
Hoʻohana ka ʻiliʻili anti-reflective i ke kumumanaʻo hoʻopilikia e loaʻa ai ka pilina ma waena o ka reflectance intensity kukui o ka papa ʻiliʻili anti-reflective lens i uhi ʻia a me ka wavelength o ke kukui incident, ka mānoanoa o ka papa ʻiliʻili, ka refractive index o ka papa ʻiliʻili, a me ka refractive index o ka substrate lens, e ʻae ana i ka mālamalama e hele ana ma o ka papa ʻiliʻili e hoʻopau kekahi i kekahi, e hōʻemi ana i ka nalowale o ka ikehu kukui ma ka ʻili o ka lens a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi a me ka hoʻonā.
Hoʻohana pinepine nā uhi anti-reflective i nā oxides metala maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me ka titanium dioxide a me ka cobalt oxide, kahi i waiho ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka lens ma o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe (vacuum deposition) e hoʻokō i nā hopena anti-reflective maikaʻi. Hoʻokuʻu pinepine nā uhi anti-reflective i nā koena, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka pae kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ke kala o ka ʻili anti-reflective, no ka laʻana, e hana i ka ʻili polū, ka ʻili polū-violet, ka ʻili poni, ka ʻili hina, a pēlā aku. He ʻokoʻa nā papa ʻili kala like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke ʻili polū ke ʻano o ka pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ka reflectance haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka uhi ʻana ma mua o ke ʻili ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama ma waena o nā ʻili polū a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo he emi paha ma mua o 1%.
I loko o nā huahana aniani, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni polū i nā aniani waena a kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke kumu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ke kukui o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni polū ma mua o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻōmaʻomaʻo (e hoʻomaopopo he kumu kēia) no ka mea he hui ʻana o nā nalu like ʻole ke kukui, a he ʻokoʻa nā kūlana kiʻi o nā nalu like ʻole ma ka retina. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ua kiʻi pololei ʻia ke kukui melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka retina, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila ua maʻalahi ka maka kanaka i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Ke uhi ʻana i ka lens me kahi ʻili paʻakikī
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama, he hemahema nui ko nā mea resin a me ke aniani: ʻaʻole paʻakikī nā aniani.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi uhi ʻili paʻakikī.
He kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o nā aniani aniani (e waiho ana i nā kaha liʻiliʻi ke kahakaha ʻia e nā mea maʻamau), akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia no nā aniani resin. He maʻalahi ke kahakaha ʻia nā aniani resin e nā mea paʻakikī, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole lākou e pale i ke komo ʻana.
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o ka lens i ka ʻaʻahu ʻana, pono e hoʻohui i kahi uhi ʻili paʻakikī i ka ʻili o ka lens. Hoʻohana pinepine nā uhi ʻili paʻakikī i nā ʻātoma silicon no ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hopena paʻakikī e loaʻa ana kahi matrix organik a me nā ʻāpana ultrafine inorganic me nā mea silicon. Loaʻa i ka ʻili paʻakikī ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī i ka manawa like (ua paʻakikī ka papa ʻili ma ka ʻili o ka lens, a ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka substrate lens, ʻaʻole like me ke aniani i maʻalahi ka haki ʻana).
ʻO ke ʻano hana hou nui no ka uhi ʻili paʻakikī, ʻo ia ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana. He mānoanoa iki ka uhi ʻili paʻakikī, ma kahi o 3-5μm. No nā aniani resin me nā uhi ʻili paʻakikī, hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kani o ke kī ʻana ma ka pākaukau a me ka ʻōlinolino o ke kala o ka aniani. Ua hana ʻia ka mālama paʻakikī ʻana i nā aniani e hana ana i kahi leo maopopo a he mau ʻaoʻao ʻālohilohi.

Ke uhi ʻana i ke aniani me kahi ʻili anti-fouling.
ʻO ka ʻili anti-reflective a me ka ʻili paʻakikī nā uhi kumu ʻelua no nā aniani resin i kēia manawa. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua uhi mua ʻia ka ʻili paʻakikī, a laila ʻo ka ʻili anti-reflective. Ma muli o nā palena o kēia manawa o nā mea ʻili anti-reflective, aia kahi kūʻē ma waena o nā hiki anti-reflective a me anti-fouling. No ka mea, aia ka ʻili anti-reflective i loko o kahi moku porous, he mea maʻalahi loa ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻōpala ma ka ʻili o ka lens.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi papa hou o ka ʻili anti-fouling ma luna o ka ʻili anti-reflective. ʻO ka ʻili anti-fouling ka mea nui i hana ʻia me nā fluorides, hiki ke uhi i ka papa ʻili anti-reflective porous, e hōʻemi i ka wahi pili ma waena o ka wai, ka ʻaila, a me ka lens, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana optical o ka ʻili anti-reflective.
Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā koi like ʻole, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni hana hou aʻe, e like me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni polarizing, ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni anti-static, ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale kukui polū, ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni anti-fog, a me nā papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea lens like, ka index refractive lens like, nā hōʻailona like ʻole, a i loko o ka hōʻailona like, me ka mea like, nā ʻano lens like ʻole he ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai, a ʻo nā uhi lens kekahi o nā kumu. Aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka ʻenehana a me ke ʻano o nā uhi.
No ka hapa nui o nā ʻano uhi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he paʻakikī i ke kanaka maʻamau ke ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi ʻano uhi kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia nā hopena: nā aniani pale kukui polū (kahi ʻenehana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā aniani pale kukui polū kiʻekiʻe).
ʻO kahi aniani pale kukui polū kūpono e kānana i ka kukui polū ʻino ma ka pae 380-460nm ma o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale kukui polū. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka hana maoli ma waena o nā huahana mai nā mea hana like ʻole. Hōʻike nā huahana like ʻole i nā ʻokoʻa i ka pono o ka pale ʻana i ka kukui polū, ke kala kumu, a me ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka mālamalama, kahi e alakaʻi maoli ai i nā kumukūʻai like ʻole.

 

Ka pale ʻana i ka uhi aniani
He ʻano ʻike nā uhi aniani i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia nā uhi ma nā aniani resin ma hope aku a he nāwaliwali like ko lākou a pau: he ʻike lākou i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā uhi aniani mai ka pahū ʻana hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā aniani. ʻO nā wahi kikoʻī ma lalo nei he mea maʻalahi ke hōʻino i nā uhi aniani:
1. Ke kau ʻana i nā aniani ma ka dashboard o ke kaʻa i ke awakea o ke kauwela.
2. Ke kau ʻana i nā aniani maka a i ʻole ke kau ʻana iā lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka wā e hoʻohana ana i ka sauna, e ʻauʻau ana, a i ʻole e ʻauʻau ana i loko o ka pūnāwai wela.
3. Ke kuke ʻana ma ka lumi kuke i nā mahana ʻaila kiʻekiʻe; inā pīpī ka ʻaila wela ma luna o nā aniani, e pahū koke paha.
4. I ka wā e ʻai ai i ka ipu wela, inā pīpī ka sopa wela ma luna o nā aniani, e pahū paha lākou.
5. Ke waiho nei i nā aniani kokoke i nā lako hale e hoʻopuka ana i ka wela no ka manawa lōʻihi, e like me nā kukui pākaukau, nā kīwī, a pēlā aku.
Ma waho aʻe o nā kumu i luna, he mea nui hoʻi e noho mamao aku mai nā wai ʻakika ikaika a alkaline paha e pale ai i ka palaho ʻana o nā mōlina a i ʻole nā ​​aniani maka.
He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka pahū ʻana o nā uhi aniani a me nā ʻōpala. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pahū ʻana e ka ʻike ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai kemika, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōpala e loaʻa mai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka hopena o waho.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he huahana palupalu nā aniani. He maʻalahi lākou i ke kaomi, ka hāʻule ʻana, ke kūlou ʻana, nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā wai ʻino.

No ka pale ʻana i ka hana optical o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pono ia:
1. Ke wehe ʻoe i kou mau aniani maka, e hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o kahi pahu pale a mālama iā lākou ma kahi hiki ʻole i nā keiki ke hiki aku.
2. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā aniani me kahi mea holoi kūlohelohe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai anuanu. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i kekahi wai ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā aniani.
3. I nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā ʻauʻau a kuke paha), he mea kūpono ke komo i nā aniani kahiko e pale aku ai i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā aniani o nā aniani hou.
Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke holoi i kā lākou mau aniani me ka wai mahana i ka wā e holoi ana i ko lākou lauoho, maka, a i ʻole e ʻauʻau ana i mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i nā aniani. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia ke hōʻino nui i nā uhi aniani a hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā aniani i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ʻia nā aniani me kahi mea holoi kūlohelohe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai anuanu!

I ka hopena
Me ka holomua mau o ka ʻenehana uhi ʻana, ua holomua nui nā huahana maka aniani hou i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mālamalama, ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kahakaha, a me nā waiwai anti-fouling. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā aniani resin, nā aniani PC, a me nā aniani acrylic hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o kēlā me kēia lā o ka poʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā uhi ʻana.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, he mau huahana palupalu loa nā maka aniani, e pili ana i ka ʻenehana uhi o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻoiai nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana. ʻO ka mea hope loa, makemake wau e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe: ke ʻike ʻoe i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni o kāu mau aniani maka aniani, e hoʻololi koke iā lākou. Mai hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou me ka mālama ʻole. Hiki i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ke hoʻololi i ka hana optical o nā aniani. ʻOiai he mea liʻiliʻi kahi pālua o nā aniani, he mea nui loa ke olakino o ka maka.